@article{4a705fe39ce649c9b853557d41356441,
title = "Transition between Instability and Seeded Self-Modulation of a Relativistic Particle Bunch in Plasma",
abstract = "We use a relativistic ionization front to provide various initial transverse wakefield amplitudes for the self-modulation of a long proton bunch in plasma. We show experimentally that, with sufficient initial amplitude [≥(4.1±0.4) MV/m], the phase of the modulation along the bunch is reproducible from event to event, with 3%-7% (of 2π) rms variations all along the bunch. The phase is not reproducible for lower initial amplitudes. We observe the transition between these two regimes. Phase reproducibility is essential for deterministic external injection of particles to be accelerated.",
author = "{(AWAKE Collaboration)} and F. Batsch and P. Muggli and R. Agnello and Ahdida, {C. C.} and {Amoedo Goncalves}, {M. C.} and Y. Andrebe and O. Apsimon and R. Apsimon and Bachmann, {A. M.} and Baistrukov, {M. A.} and P. Blanchard and F. Braunm{\"u}ller and Burrows, {P. N.} and B. Buttensch{\"o}n and A. Caldwell and J. Chappell and E. Chevallay and M. Chung and Cooke, {D. A.} and H. Damerau and C. Davut and G. Demeter and Deubner, {H. L.} and S. Doebert and J. Farmer and A. Fasoli and Fedosseev, {V. N.} and R. Fiorito and Fonseca, {R. A.} and F. Friebel and I. Furno and L. Garolfi and S. Gessner and I. Gorgisyan and Gorn, {A. A.} and E. Granados and M. Granetzny and T. Graubner and O. Grulke and E. Gschwendtner and V. Hafych and A. Helm and Henderson, {J. R.} and M. H{\"u}ther and Kargapolov, {I. Yu} and Kim, {S. Y.} and Lotov, {K. V.} and Minakov, {V. A.} and Spitsyn, {R. I.} and Tuev, {P. V.}",
note = "Funding Information: This work was supported by the Wolfgang Gentner Programme of the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Grant No. 05E15CHA); in parts by a Leverhulme Trust Research Project Grant No. RPG-2017-143 and by STFC (AWAKE-UK, Cockcroft Institute core and UCL consolidated grants), UK; a Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft Project Grant No. PU 213-6/1 “Three-dimensional quasi-static simulations of beam self-modulation for plasma wakefield acceleration”; the National Research Foundation of Korea (No. NRF-2016R1A5A1013277 and No. NRF-2020R1A2C1010835); the Portuguese FCT—Foundation for Science and Technology, through Grants No. CERN/FIS-TEC/0032/2017, No. PTDC-FIS-PLA-2940-2014, No. UID/FIS/50010/2013, and No. SFRH/IF/01635/2015; NSERC and CNRC for TRIUMF{\textquoteright}s contribution; the U.S. National Science Foundation under Grant No. PHY-1903316; and the Research Council of Norway. M. Wing acknowledges the support of DESY, Hamburg. Support of the Wigner Datacenter Cloud facility through the “Awakelaser” project is acknowledged. The work of V. H. has been supported by the European Union{\textquoteright}s Framework Programme for Research and Innovation Horizon 2020 (2014–2020) under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No. 765710. The AWAKE Collaboration acknowledge the SPS team for their excellent proton delivery. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 authors. Copyright: Copyright 2021 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.",
year = "2021",
month = apr,
day = "20",
doi = "10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.164802",
language = "English",
volume = "126",
journal = "Physical Review Letters",
issn = "0031-9007",
publisher = "American Physical Society",
number = "16",
}