@article{4623a86fc45048a3941a0fce60252c89,
title = "Observation of Light-by-Light Scattering in Ultraperipheral Pb+Pb Collisions with the ATLAS Detector",
abstract = "This Letter describes the observation of the light-by-light scattering process, γγ→γγ, in Pb+Pb collisions at sNN=5.02 TeV. The analysis is conducted using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.73 nb-1, collected in November 2018 by the ATLAS experiment at the LHC. Light-by-light scattering candidates are selected in events with two photons produced exclusively, each with transverse energy ETγ>3 GeV and pseudorapidity |ηγ|<2.4, diphoton invariant mass above 6 GeV, and small diphoton transverse momentum and acoplanarity. After applying all selection criteria, 59 candidate events are observed for a background expectation of 12±3 events. The observed excess of events over the expected background has a significance of 8.2 standard deviations. The measured fiducial cross section is 78±13(stat)±7(syst)±3(lumi) nb.",
keywords = "ULTRARELATIVISTIC HEAVY-ION, DELBRUCK SCATTERING, PHYSICS",
author = "{The ATLAS collaboration} and G. Aad and B. Abbott and Abbott, {D. C.} and O. Abdinov and {Abed Abud}, A. and K. Abeling and Abhayasinghe, {D. K.} and Abidi, {S. H.} and AbouZeid, {O. S.} and Abraham, {N. L.} and H. Abramowicz and H. Abreu and Y. Abulaiti and Acharya, {B. S.} and B. Achkar and S. Adachi and L. Adam and {Adam Bourdarios}, C. and L. Adamczyk and L. Adamek and J. Adelman and M. Adersberger and A. Adiguzel and S. Adorni and T. Adye and Affolder, {A. A.} and Y. Afik and C. Agapopoulou and Agaras, {M. N.} and A. Aggarwal and C. Agheorghiesei and Aguilar-Saavedra, {J. A.} and F. Ahmadov and Ahmed, {W. S.} and X. Ai and Anisenkov, {A. V.} and Baldin, {E. M.} and K. Beloborodov and Bobrovnikov, {V. S.} and Kazanin, {V. F.} and Kharlamov, {A. G.} and T. Kharlamova and Maslennikov, {A. L.} and Maximov, {D. A.} and P. Podberezko and Rezanova, {O. L.} and Soukharev, {A. M.} and Talyshev, {A. A.} and Tikhonov, {Yu A.} and V. Zhulanov and Богданчиков, {Георгий Александрович} and Бузыкаев, {Алексей Рафаилович} and Пелеганчук, {Сергей Владимирович}",
note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2019 CERN.",
year = "2019",
month = jul,
day = "31",
doi = "10.1103/PhysRevLett.123.052001",
language = "English",
volume = "123",
journal = "Physical Review Letters",
issn = "0031-9007",
publisher = "American Physical Society",
number = "5",
}