Effect of alumina additives on the nanostructure and thermal stability of TiO₂ with anatase structure

Titanium dioxide (anatase) is metastable and can be irreversibly converted to rutile phase at the temperatures higher than 700 °C. This conversion is accompanied by a significant decrease in the surface area and by the change of the pore structure. Doping of TiO₂ with alumina leads to the formation of the nanocrystalline anatase structure characterized the higher thermal stability. Increasing the thermal stability of anatase phase promotes the higher specific surface area and developed porous structure compared to a pure anatase with a well-ordered structure.